In Arctic regions, ice scour imposes a potential danger to seabed facilities such as pipelines. The purpose is to define the subscour forces and displacements, and thus, create a soundly based design methodology. This work is an outgrowth of the Pressure Ridge Ice Scour Experiment (PRISE). This effort is an adjunct study to Project No. 191.
Develop physically based constitutive models that are computationally refined and are able to achieve a fundamental understanding of the many concurrently operating mechanisms governing the effects of scale on ice-ice and ice- structure interaction processes. The project focuses on long-term research objectives to develop a rational theory for explaining the very large-scale effects observed in the ice pressures generated on structures during ice structure interactive events.
This is a Joint Industry Project (JIP). The most likely transportation mode, for oil and gas, in the Arctic and sub-Arctic offshore regions is a product pipeline laid on or under the seabed. Marine pipelines in areas frequented by ice are threatened by grounded or scouring ice masses which occur periodically through the ice season. Pipelines must be protected by trenching or burial to a safe, yet manageable and economical, depth below the seabed.
This was a Joint Industry Project (JIP) to review the state-of-the-art in spray ice developments. The development of spray ice technology is relatively new. No comprehensive source of information exists on designing and building with spray ice. Much of the information on spray ice is proprietary information within a number of oil companies that have invested in the research and development of this technology. Some information on spray ice is with private consulting companies who carried out some of the research on spray ice for the oil companies.
This was a Joint Industry Project (JIP) with the Minerals Management Service and the Canadian National Energy Board. The objective was to better understand flow fracture as a load limiting mechanism for Arctic platforms using large scale experiments. The first phase of the program consisted experimenting with different field techniques and developing new instrumentation for the precise measurement of ice fracture parameters. The second phase examined a series of field fractures under complex loading conditions. Two field programs were conducted.
This was a Joint Industry Project (JIP) to update the results of an earlier study (Project No. 105), on the feasibility and cost of transporting oil and gas from potential discoveries in the Chukchi Sea. The two modes of transport considered were pipelines and tankers, as well as combinations of the two. The update followed the methodology in the original study, but incorporated the results of the environmental and operating data collected in the past five years since the initial study.
The objective was to conduct research on extending the use of exploration spray ice platforms through breakup and into summer. The overall goals were to develop sufficient knowledge of ablation, erosion rates, and protective methods to extend the operational time and enable a marine demobilization option to be included in the plans for future spray ice islands.
This was a Joint Industry Project (JIP) to assess the influence of the crushed ice forces between the structure and the moving ice floe on the load transferred to the structure. This project improved our understanding of the behavior of crushed ice under stress to develop constitutive relationships for use in the evaluation of load distribution on the structure.
This project was a Joint Industry Project with six industry participants, the Minerals Management Service and the Canada Oil and Gas Lands Administration (COGLA). The objective of this project is to obtain full-scale measurements of global ice forces acting on the Gulf Canada arctic caisson 'Molikpaq' and determining local ice pressures over areas from 75 to 200 square meters. Gulf Canada has deployed the Molikpaq at the Amauligak F-24 site in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. This site is in the sheer zone of polar pack where the platform is subjected to incursions of multi year ice.
This was a Joint Industry Project (JIP). The objective was to determine the ice loads and motions likely to be experienced by a cable-moored platform subject to a moving ice flow or field of ice rubble. Presently such data are scarce, although cable-moored platforms are being considered as work platforms in Arctic waters. The project evaluated the ice forces, moments, and platform motions resulting from ice impact. Parameters to be varied will be thickness, speed, and strength of the ice masses.
